Network

A network is a collection of two or more computers, servers, or other devices that are connected together to share resources, exchange files, or allow electronic communications. Networks can be either local (LAN) or wide area (WAN).

• A LAN is a network that is confined to a relatively small area, such as a home, office, or building.
• A WAN is a network that spans a large geographical area, such as multiple cities or countries.

Networks can be wired or wireless and can use various protocols to communicate. Wired networks use cables to connect devices, while wireless networks use radio waves to transmit data.

Networks can also be classified as either public or private. A public network is accessible to anyone, while a private network is restricted to authorized users.

Networks are essential for businesses and organizations, as they allow users to share resources, communicate, and collaborate.

Network components include routers, switches, hubs, access points, and firewalls.

• Routers are devices that connect two or more networks together and route data between them.
• Switches are devices that connect multiple computers together on a single network.
• Hubs are devices that connect multiple computers together on a single network, but do not route data.
• Access points are devices that allow wireless devices to connect to a wired network.
• Firewalls are devices that protect networks from unauthorized access and malicious attacks.

Network topologies refer to the physical or logical layout of a network. Common topologies include bus, star, ring, and mesh.

• A bus topology is a linear network in which all devices are connected to a single cable.
• A star topology is a network in which all devices are connected to a central device, such as a switch or hub.
• A ring topology is a network in which all devices are connected in a circular fashion.
• A mesh topology is a network in which each device is connected to every other device.

Network protocols are sets of rules that govern how data is transmitted over a network. Common protocols include TCP/IP, Ethernet, and Wi-Fi.

• TCP/IP is a set of protocols that define how data is transmitted over the Internet.
• Ethernet is a set of protocols that define how data is transmitted over local area networks (LANs).
• Wi-Fi is a set of protocols that define how data is transmitted over wireless networks.

Network security refers to the measures taken to protect networks from unauthorized access and malicious attacks. Common security measures include authentication, encryption, firewalls, and antivirus software.

• Authentication requires users to provide credentials before they can access a network.
• Encryption scrambles data so that it cannot be read by unauthorized users.
• Firewalls are devices that block unauthorized access to networks.
• Antivirus software scans for malicious software and removes it from networks.